String Concatenation Cheat Sheet

When switching between languages I often find my self Googling on how to do string concatenation and especially interpolation which no two languages seems to agree on.

For future reference, Here's how you do it.

C

In C, strings are really just plain char arrays. Therefore, you can't directly concatenate them with other strings.

You can use the strcat function, which appends the string pointed to by src to the end of the string pointed to by dest:

char *strcat(char *dest, const char *src);

C++

C++ has std::string which is used instead of char arrays.

string a = "Hello ";
string b = "World";
string c = a + b;

C#

C# lets you use the + operator to concatenate strings.

string name = "Chris";
Console.WriteLine("Hello " + name);

It also allows for interpolation.

string firstName = "Sally";
string lastName = "Morgan";

Console.WriteLine($"Hello {firstName} {lastName}");

Go

You can use the + operator to concatenate strings in Go.

firtName := "James"
lastName := "Pierce"

fmt.Println(firstName + " " + lastName)

There's also fmt.Sprintf which lets you format strings.

firtName := "Denise"
lastName := "Richards"

fullName = fmt.Sprintf("%s %s", firstName, lastName)

Strings are read-only in Go so a new object is generated every time you concatenate two strings. If this becomes a problem you can use bytes.buffer.

var buffer bytes.Buffer

buffer.WriteString("Hello")
buffer.WriteString(" ")
buffer.WriteString("World")

fmt.Println(buffer.String())

Java

Java also uses the + operator to concatenate strings.

String name = "Molly";

System.out.println("Hello " + name);

Javascript

Javascript uses the + operator to concatenate strings.

let firstName = 'Isabela'
let lastName = 'Wang'

console.log(firstName + ' ' + lastName)

You can also interpolate strings with backticks.

let firstName = 'Megan'
let lastName = 'Fox'

console.log(`Hello ${firstName} ${lastName}`)

PHP

PHP uses . to concatenate strings.

$firstName = 'Lisa';
$lastName = 'Swan';

echo $firstname . ' ' . $lastName;

Only variables can be interpolated.

$name = 'Michelle';

echo "Hello {$name}";

Ruby

Ruby uses the + operator to concatenate strings.

fist_name = 'Tyler'
last_name = 'Reed'

puts fist_name + ' ' + last_name

And it uses #{} for interpolation

name = 'Sarah'

puts "Hello #{name}"

Python

Python uses the + operator to concatenate strings.

firstName = "Emma"
lastName = "Stone"

print(firstName + " " + lastName)

And from version 3.6 you can interpolate strings.

name = "Sally"

print(f"Hello {name}")